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Technical and engineering drawing.

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Gordon W21/04/2011 16:53:40
2011 forum posts
Graham, I didn't think you were doubting my ability, and I wouldn't mind if you did. I was just trying to point out some of the pitfalls that might catch the unwary. To get back to drawing, the main thing is to convey information, and there are a few basics that need to be stuck to, center lines on cyl. objects, clear labelling of views, etc. The most important, is proper dimensioning from a datum. I could go on, and on, but I won't. Drawing for amateur use need not be to professional standards ( ie. 308) and may be better if not.
Versaboss21/04/2011 22:51:44
512 forum posts
77 photos

Ah, postings are wanted, so here you get it. Sorry if this one sometimes sounds aggressive,  That's not what I want to express. Blame my limited knowledge of English please

My opinion, after following this discussion: does it really make sense to publish a (long?) series of articles describing the BSxxx standard? Considering that:

- ME authors (mostly, it seems) do not use it

- there is a big rest of the world who does not use it either.

I can finally understand David C's position better. The long series about that 3D-CAD (which in reality wasn't one, and used a outdated version to boot) was enough.

I don't care much if something is drawn in first angle or third or whatever, if I can find the necessary informations to produce the part (and if the angle number is given somewhere if it is not absolutely clear).

Yes, I also saw the examples in the XYZ magazine, demonstrating that even a benevolent attempt at correcting something can result in a failure.

The professional drawings I get here are in first angle!

No, I could not solve the conundrum 

Enough now,

Greetings, Hansrudolf


Gray6221/04/2011 23:48:30
1058 forum posts
16 photos
I have skim read through most of this post and I must admit, to being very dismayed at the indifference towards correct engineering drawing standards.
1st angle, 3rd angle or isometric drawings were developed so that engineers could understand how a part was to be produced. It matters not which discipline you were trained in, the principles are the same. I was fortunate during my school and apprenticeship years to have studied most methods of representation. I would suspect that the majority of the 40+ generation of mechanical engineers would have had a similar experience.
That said, there will be a great number of people coming into this hobby with little experience of reading engineering drawings.
Even if it is a generalised article, I think it would be beneficial to all to have an article giving the basic principles of reading and understanding engineering drawings.
 
If ME and MEW are to continue, I would highly recommend employing a profesional draughtstman to reproduce designs to a common standard.
We all aspire to be engineers so why do we not adhere to common engineering standards.
Terryd22/04/2011 00:16:40
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1946 forum posts
179 photos
Hi Hansrudolf,
 
Please may I correct some misconceptions, I was not intending to write a long series about technical graphics, nor would it be solely about BS 308. It would not be intended as an instructional manual about how to create Technical Graphics as was the CAD series but rather a guide to understanding Graphic images, nor would it be aimed at only the UK audience.
 
While you may only use1st angle in orthographic projection, there are those who only understand 3rd angle. While your standards in your country are of course not to BS 308, however if you read ME and MEW, the drawings there will often be influenced by, if not exactly conforming to those standards, as they have been since the standards were introduced in the second decade of the last century to collect together and standardise all the various systems in use at that time. So perhaps it may be a good idea to understand those standards in basic terms.
 
My aim is simply to help model engineers and would be model engineers (who may or may not be trained engineers, draughtsmen etc) understand the strange language, punctuation and grammar of the world of graphics which many take for granted but is not intuitional and is so crucial in communicating our ideas in order to try to minimise mistakes and to make the hobby more interesting and satisfying.
 
Is that such a bad aim as to warrant negative comments?
 
By the way I beleive that there is more than one solution to the conundrum set by Sam, only the simplest has so far been shown. I have never seen it before but due to my fluency in the language of graphics I think that I have seen a second solution, the one shown is the easiest to conceptualise.
 
Best regards
 
Terry
 

Kraehe22/04/2011 08:24:30
2 forum posts
I too would like to see an article about interpeting drawings.
 
Previous posters have suggested that instruction in a given standard would not help with other standards, and would be of little value to ME and MEW readers as drawings in these magazines are drawn to no particular standard. It seems to me, however, that gaining a familiarity with the basic concepts of any standard should be of some utility in interpretation generally. Moreover I, and I am sure many others also, are not limited only to ME and MEW for ideas and drawings.
 
I'm sure that such an article would be useful for me.
 

GoCreate22/04/2011 09:48:09
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387 forum posts
119 photos
Drawings and sketches in ME can sometimes be difficult to interpret easily. Sometimes dimensions have to be calculated from a collection of dimensions from various views. Uncertainty can be the result.

Terry, I think you have a valid proposal, ME’s are not really needing to read production drawings and know all the ins and outs of various standard and I know that is not what you propose. However, we do want to communicate effectively within our hobby using drawings, what better way is there.

Terry, maybe your article could set out a general standard for ME drawings, this could then be used from this point forward, not to make it mandatory but available for use. Contributors could then state, “Drawn generally in accordance with Terry ME standard”. Then maybe your article can be made permanently available on the web site for contributors and ME’s reference.

What basics should be included?
1. View projection

2. Hidden detail

3. Sectioning a view
4. Good dimensioning practice – Dimensioning from suitable datum’s is often not used in ME drawings

5. Tolerances – We’re not interested in putting tolerances on all our sizes but it would be helpful to know the quality of fit intended. I would like to know, is the fit within 0.0005-0.001 clearance. Maybe you could set a standard fit tol 1 = xxxx, fit tol 2 = xxxx. Don’t know just an idea.

6. Geometrical tolerance – We don’t want to have geometrical tolerances all over the drawing but we may want to emphasis diameters that need to be concentric (machined on one setting), these faces must be parallel. Etc.

I think that’s about as far as it goes. Not too comprehensive but good enough to help contributors and readers.

Regarding 5 & 6 above, we all work to our own standard and generally produce more accurate work than always needed, but sometimes some guidance would be helpful. Contributors who are not familiar with tolerances are not going to be able to apply relevant values. However, presumably they make the parts they are drawing and have an idea of the type of fit they used and when diameters needed to be concentric and so on. So some ME method of indicating this on ME drawings, without the intricacies of BS, ISO standards etc may be a way forward.

Maybe Terry and David could work together on this to provide something relevant to the hobby.

Nigel
Andrew Johnston22/04/2011 10:37:32
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7061 forum posts
719 photos
Posted by Terryd on 22/04/2011 00:16:40:

 
By the way I beleive that there is more than one solution to the conundrum set by Sam, only the simplest has so far been shown. I have never seen it before but due to my fluency in the language of graphics I think that I have seen a second solution, the one shown is the easiest to conceptualise.
 
 
The set of solutions is infinite, of the uncountable kind.
 
Regards,
 
Andrew
GoCreate22/04/2011 12:01:10
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387 forum posts
119 photos
Hi Graham
Yes, I am agreeing with Terry really, and as you say lets not cloud the issue with talk of BS standards and 3D stuff.
 
Just something relavent to the hobby and appropriate to the way we build our models, guidance for the in-experienced regarding 2D drawing.
 
Nigel

Edited By tractionengine42 on 22/04/2011 12:04:12

Bill Starling22/04/2011 12:02:20
102 forum posts
7 photos

The number of postings on this thread shows that the topic is of great interest, but I feel there is another aspect that isn't being considered. As well as the 'how will it help me to make models now' approach, what about the historical side? Surely part of the fascination of model engineering is understanding the history of the subject?

Engineering drawings were an essential part of the history of what was made and how. A lot of contributors are obviously of my generation or older and grew up with 'old fashioned' drawings. What about all the 'youngsters' who only know about computer generated images?

'Whilst looking to the future, let us not forget the glories of the past' – to quote the Newcomen Society. Technical drawing may only be a small part of the glory, but it's an essential one, so let's understand it.

Terry – please get writing!

GoCreate22/04/2011 12:15:22
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387 forum posts
119 photos
Terry
With all this interest and publicity you’re getting in this post why not self-publish a book? Regard this as my pre-order; there you have already sold one.
 
Just a thought but risky.

Nigel
Roderick Jenkins22/04/2011 15:16:20
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2376 forum posts
800 photos
This is a very interesting debate. My particular problem is that I am trying to draw up a simple i.c. engine in what I hope will be an understandable format. Being entirely self taught (my grammar school preferred Latin to TD) it seems to me that the British Standard is as good a place as any to start, I have been guided by Tubal Cain's book and there is a good introduction here http://www.tech.plymouth.ac.uk/dmme/dsgn131/DSGN131_Course_Notes.pdf . However, it seems to me that there is much that is not particularly relevant to model engineering and could be confusing .e.g. tolerances and surface finish - surely these are much better explained to the amateur by text rather than by cryptic symbols. In addition, I think a comment, for example, to mark bolt holes in the cylinder from the cylinder head is more useful that a repeated set of dimensions. David appears not to favour this method but that may exemplify some of the conflict between the Professional and the Amateur. So, perhaps, what we need is some sort of Model Engineering guidelines for drawings, a la Tubal Cain but with recognition of the capabilities (and restrictions) of CAD.
 
Rod
David Clark 122/04/2011 15:43:30
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3357 forum posts
112 photos
10 articles
Hi There
From the first 80 or so surveys, almost everyone is happy with the drawing quality in ME.
regards David
 
David Clark 122/04/2011 15:51:33
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3357 forum posts
112 photos
10 articles
Hi There
Tolerances are not usually used on drawings for model engineers use.
The best way to machine a part for a model engineer is to to make the first part as accurately as you can and make the other part to fit. It is usually easier to machine the bore then turn the shaft to fit.
 
Again, with surface finish, usually the better the finish the better the model will work.
I have been caught out on good finish in industry where they specified a bad finish so the glue had something to grip.
We had to remachine them to be rough.
 
Also, when making locks, they needed to be a loose fit as the lock would not work when they were made to close limits.
regards David
 
David Clark 122/04/2011 21:06:30
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3357 forum posts
112 photos
10 articles
Hi Grahame
Yes, they are collatad by a proper company but I still read the free form comments in the boxes first.
regards David
 
Harold Hall 123/04/2011 10:58:41
418 forum posts
4 photos

I must first apologise to Steve and Graham for having been so long in replying to them. Unfortunately, other pressures on my time have not let be become fully involved in the thread. Even so, I have learnt an important lesson from the experience, that is, do not become involved with an item on the forum unless one has the time to follow it up.

Dealing first with Graham's nurse (20/04-16:13)who wishes to take up metalwork in the home workshop and needs to understand the drawings and maybe produce drawings eventually for use in the magazine. Obviously, in the first instance, he or she will find it difficult but this is not confined to just drawings but to most aspects of the hobby. I will add here that I have no objection to an article from Terry, providing it can be seen that sufficient of the magazines readership wishes it.

Even with an article available, this will only be the first hurdle and studying numerous drawings over a long period will be required in an attempt to understand them, as a result, gaining the necessary experience. Very many able readers of the magazine will have started in this way (without an article) so it is possible if one is willing to spend the time getting the experience. A common saying, “you have got to walk before you can run”.

As to the second part of the question, producing drawings. This I consider is quite a different as most of what is required has been gained at the reading stage. To produce good drawings the draughtsman needs an, eye to detail, and an ability to produce drawings that are both complete and accurate, requirements that are not just confined to drawing. As an electrical/electronic engineer I used to produce information on the basis of “I don't know what you don't know” so I explained everything, worthwhile if it were to be used by a newcomer to the drawing office or the shop floor. This is a good approach to produce drawings for the magazine as there is definitely a very wide range of abilities having to read them. Those on the first rung of the ladder will of course still find them much more difficult.

I could add a lot more but will refrain.

As to Steve,s (19/04-23:05) reservation regarding my comment that the view of 0.2% of the readers cannot reliably be taken as the overall wish of the readers I can see his reasoning but still feel it is far too small proportion of the readership on which to base a decision.

With this subject in mind it is interesting that in Graham's contribution (22/04-21:26) he considers that almost all out of 80 readers who are happy with the present drawing standard proves nothing, basically taking the same approach as mine but with a much larger number. At some point though we have to let the editor make the choice as any survey will never reach 50% of the readership voting one way.

David Clark 123/04/2011 11:09:59
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3357 forum posts
112 photos
10 articles
Hi There
80 surveys in 3 days is a good start.
I would expect at east 500 to 1,000 surveys back for each magazine maybe a lot more.
I can only take into account surveys received.
The american government reckons for every reply, there are 13 people who think the same but can't be bothered to reply.
regards david
Steve Garnett23/04/2011 11:18:31
837 forum posts
27 photos
Posted by Harold Hall 1 on 23/04/2011 10:58:41:

As to Steve,s (19/04-23:05) reservation regarding my comment that the view of 0.2% of the readers cannot reliably be taken as the overall wish of the readers I can see his reasoning but still feel it is far too small proportion of the readership on which to base a decision.

With this subject in mind it is interesting that in Graham's contribution (22/04-21:26) he considers that almost all out of 80 readers who are happy with the present drawing standard proves nothing, basically taking the same approach as mine but with a much larger number. At some point though we have to let the editor make the choice as any survey will never reach 50% of the readership voting one way.

 
Harold, I have subsequently given this some more thought, and was going to update my comment about it anyway - but thanks for replying, regardless.
 
The real issue here of course isn't the number of respondents per se as a percentage of the readership, but far more likely to be a matter of statistics. Before I get flamed for daring to mention anything that imprecise, let me explain what I mean:
 
The chances are, that for any given subject idea, the number of people in favour or against it will follow a normal distribution. What this means in terms of a survey or comments in this thread even, is that the vast majority of people fall in the middle - or because they actually read the mag, possibly slightly on the positive side of 50% of the approve/not approve continuum. I would hope, in fact, that the distribution itself was skewed positive! The people that actually respond are more likely to be the people at either end of the continuum though; they would be the ones with some real feelings about the subject, either positive or negative, and who wished to express them. On that basis alone, it's not too difficult to arrive at the conclusion that the vast majority of people would agree with this particular article suggestion - or at least not care too much about it being there.
 
Since there is rather a lot of evidence from many fields supporting this sort of distribution, I'd say that without strong evidence to the contrary, it would be rather harder to dispute!
Steve Garnett23/04/2011 11:39:15
837 forum posts
27 photos
I did also want to make one other comment, and that is also based on my slightly longer consideration of what Howard said several pages ago about being inspired.
 
I realised that I in fact get quite a lot of inspiration from looking carefully at drawings, and at the detail of how somebody has constructed something - often by careful study of cross-section detail. And if that works for me - okay, because I've had quite a bit of practice at interpreting drawings over the years - then why shouldn't it work for others who might be less confident about it as well? So anything that gives them a helping hand shouldn't be discouraged in the slightest, really, should it? This isn't really about whether a particular drawing is to some standard or other, because at the end of the line, the views they express are generally the same - but about helping people to develop their imaginations by realising what they are actually looking at.
 
Through musing over a few back issues over the last couple of days, I've also realised that MEW hasn't entirely been devoid of coverage that is at least related to this issue, even though it doesn't address some of it directly. Have a look at Dave Fenner's 'Musing on Drawings, Dimensions, Tolerances and Marking Out' in issue 160 for instance. There is certainly something to build on from within that article, I think.
John Stevenson23/04/2011 12:48:49
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5068 forum posts
3 photos
I believe you can actually check up on sales of various magazines on line, the idea being that the mag has to disclose total sales so advertisers can work out if it's worth taking an advert out or not.
 
In the case of speciality mags such as ME and MEW most of the advertisers are talking to the converted but some of the more general advertisers need to know.
 
John S.
mgj23/04/2011 15:44:41
1017 forum posts
14 photos
Steve - you are dead right, and I think an important point has been missed.
 
A hell of a lot of drawings, both in industry and in the modelling worlds are still not just in old formats, but in old dimensions too and they are unlikely to be updated. (though I agree some have been cleaned up in CAD)
 
So its no good the young generation thowing a hissy fit - if they want to make something badly enough they will have to learn.
 
Sure one can (should) encourage, and one can (should)assist, but if they want to be (model) engineers, they HAVE to learn how to take a 2d drawing on paper, and in their mind turn it into a 3d hunk of finished metal. If they don't have that imagination or kind of brain, they might just as well go off and play golf, where, if they cannot hit a ball straight, and in their minds eye they have to put together stroke, distance wind etc .......
 
Perhaps we ought to accept that this is in general, possibly not a young mans hobby? We need kit which is expensive, we need patience on long projects, and we need expertise, and none of these come easily to the young?
 
There is IMO, a difference between a youngster and a beginner BTW.
 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 

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