Looking at all options
Robert Laurenson | 19/07/2021 20:16:58 |
48 forum posts | Hi all I am looking at three phase conversion options for my workshop I have looked at rotary converters and I have also looked at static and digital conversion options what I'm wondering is does anyone have a digital converter from the only manufacturer that makes them. Drives Direct is the name. If so how well does it work and what is your experience with it? I'm looking at getting 3 phase from the grid (extremely expensive) and also looking at getting a rotary converter with digital phase balance. from the USA. The only other option I can come up with is to design and build a digital phase converter on my own, i have a lot of experience in electrics and electronics but cant figure out exactly how the digital phase converter works. The basis of it must be a VSD with Harmonic filter in front, and Sine Wave filter on the output side. And a bank of capacitors on the output to take the start current. But apart from that im not sure what else. And those bits alone in no way could justify the cost they charge. Seeing one would help or any ideas any of you may have.
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Andrew Johnston | 19/07/2021 21:15:30 |
![]() 7061 forum posts 719 photos | Best place to start is to describe what you are trying to do. Are you intending to run a 3-phase motor from a single phase supply, or create a substitute for a utility 3-phase supply. I'm not convinced that capacitors on the AC output will help with start current. Personally I went with having a proper 3-phase supply installed at home. Andrew |
SillyOldDuffer | 19/07/2021 21:21:03 |
10668 forum posts 2415 photos | Description of a commercial system here. Description: The system is controlled by a small micro-controller, specifically a digital signal processor (DSP) which can measure voltages and feed controlled pulses into the switches, in addition to performing high-speed calcu- Looks like the microcontroller measures the input phase and calculates when the third phase should be, switching pulses from a DC source as necessary to charge a capacitor as necessary to maintain the instantaneous voltage. I don't know how to keep the output clean without an expensive filter, but I guess it can done digitally at high frequency. gnuradio is good for exploring DSP concepts and methods. (It's a flowgraph modeller.) The actual DSP would have to be fast enough to keep up : some microcontollers have DSP capability. Dave |
Robert Laurenson | 19/07/2021 21:39:11 |
48 forum posts | Posted by Andrew Johnston on 19/07/2021 21:15:30:
Best place to start is to describe what you are trying to do. Are you intending to run a 3-phase motor from a single phase supply, or create a substitute for a utility 3-phase supply. I'm not convinced that capacitors on the AC output will help with start current. Personally I went with having a proper 3-phase supply installed at home. Andrew Hi andrew, Ive got a 480v split phase supply, What i want to be able to run is a press brake, cnc plasma, cnc router and synergic welder. Possibly more in the future. The 3 phase utility install is 42k plus vat. Just looking at other options to try and create 3phase power. Looking at a company called phase perfect in the USA, they have a similar 480v split phase system, so thats another option. |
noel shelley | 19/07/2021 23:22:06 |
2308 forum posts 33 photos | So how many kva do you want or need ? Had you considered a diesel powered alternator ? I built one with peugeot 1905 and a 20 Kva alternator worked very well. I also have a 25Kva unit. Drove an 11kw motor and a 5kw together also drove a 400A mig welder. The best the grid can give round here is 2ph. Just a thought. Noel. |
John Olsen | 20/07/2021 01:36:40 |
1294 forum posts 108 photos 1 articles | First consideration has to be how much three phase power do you need? Closely allied to that is the question of what can the existing single phase connection provide? After that, I guess you will have to look at the cost and merits of the different approaches. 1 A static converter (Transformer plus inductors and capacitors) will work and allow you to use more than one machine from it, but the phase to phase angles will not be ideal . 2 A rotary converter, similar to the above plus an idler motor will give better output phases but will waste a bit of power keeping the idler motor turning. The idler motor provides a bit of flywheel effect, helping with the surge when you turn a machine on. 3 The various sorts of electronic inverter will provide excellent output waveforms and so on, but may cost a little more. You have the choice of providing one big one that all the machines connect to as if it was an ordinary three phase supply, or little ones on the basis of one per machine, which give the advantage that you can use the inverter as a variable frequency drive. 4 Generate your own three phase as per Noels suggestion. Perfectly feasible but has its own set of troubles like noise and complexity. 5 Pay through the nose to have three phase installed. This always seems to cost far more than the job really warrants, I get the impression that suppliers around the world would rather you didn't have three phase. You can't add capacitors to the AC output of an inverter to smooth the supply or to provide for starting surges. On electronic inverters, such capacitors would go inside on the DC bus and you would not want to try to modify the design. There will be small capacitors on the output to help suppress interference, and you probably don't want to change those either. On a rotary inverter, the idler motor provides a flywheel function. My own preference is to use a VFD for each machine, which gives the advantage of variable speed, but for some machines this means getting inside to alter the wiring, eg to make sure that a coolant pump or a fine feed motor is getting what it needs rather than running off the variable frequency supply. Some may not be comfortable modifying their machines in this way. I think with the relatively low cost of VFD's these days it is quite a good way to go. John |
Robert Laurenson | 20/07/2021 06:50:48 |
48 forum posts | Hi John, thanks for the reply, As mentioned above i have a 480v supply, so would like to get a converter big enough to use most of that. With that in mind, i would like to get maybe a 40HP unit, which would give me close on the limit of what i can get. The two main options i am now looking at is 1, Making my own system, with a 100HP VSD, sine wave filter and a isolation transformer. 2, Looking at the 480v phase perfect system from the USA which would also need an Isolation, Delta to Star transformer on the output side to bring the voltage down to 440. The one bit i dont quite get about the Phase Perfect system, is how the system works. It seems to work like a refined Rotary. in that i mean it uses the two legs of the 480 and only artificially makes the 3rd one. With that in mind, the center tapped transformer providing my 2 legs of 240 at the moment is center tapped, meaning that the 2x240v i have are 180 degrees apart, but the phase perfect system takes those two legs past as they are and put's the 3rd leg at 90 degrees to them. Which they say equals a balanced 3 phase sine wave at 120 degrees. I just cant figure out how that is acheived like that. Looking forward to your reply, Robert |
John Olsen | 20/07/2021 12:12:48 |
1294 forum posts 108 photos 1 articles | OK, I was thinking in terms of the usual model engineering scale of things, where a Bridgeport is a big machine, you seem to be looking at quite a bit more power than that. The two phases of your existing supply being at 180 degrees doesn't actually matter, you just need a third phase at about the right phase angle and voltage and things will work. I stand to be corrected here, but if you had a star connected motor, I think the centre tap of the transformer would not be an actual neutral point and so should not be connected to the star point of any motor. Think about it like this, if you had a 480V three phase supply and measured the Voltage between two phases and looked at it on a scope, it would look just like what you see with the single phase supply. So it is true that your converter just needs to provide one new phase at 90 degrees. (We could do vector diagrams to show this....) But this will be effectively a delta connected supply, with no actual neutral point. If you want one you can provide a delta to start transformer at the output although for 40 hp, say 30 KW or so that would be a big and expensive transformer If there is a rotary component, eg an idler motor, then what you get out will be not too bad. I've actually run a 3 HP 460 Volt motor on single phase, with the 240 Volt supply being stepped up by a transformer and applied to two of the motor connections. It did not self start of course, but a kick on the pulley in the right direction would get things going. I never measure it, but had I needed to run another three phase motor, connecting it to the three phases of that motor would have provided a converter. With electronics of course it is possible to do this sort of conversion at any sort of power level you like, so long as your wallet can stand the pace. AC to DC and back again is pretty standard for long distance and undersea transmission, and they work up into the 100's of Megawatt range. But I don't know what is commercially available in the sort of size range you want. It won't be cheap, but then the transformer and idler motor won't be either. Hopefully it is redundant to say that any system will need to be done properly and in accordance with any local regulations, this sort of stuff can easily kill you or burn your house down! regards John
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SillyOldDuffer | 20/07/2021 13:34:40 |
10668 forum posts 2415 photos | Posted by John Olsen on 20/07/2021 12:12:48:
... The two phases of your existing supply being at 180 degrees doesn't actually matter, you just need a third phase at about the right phase angle and voltage and things will work. ... regards John
That's my understanding too, except I'd say 'it doesn't matter much' rather than 'it doesn't matter at all'. The paper I linked in my first post covers the subject quite well; it covers the pros and cons of the various systems reasonably well. All the methods have disadvantages, such as the gross inefficiency and noise of motor-generators, wobbly phase imbalance of static converters, inefficiency and slightly better imbalance of idler motor systems, the harmonic distortion of VFDs, and the not true 120° 3-phase produced by the Phase Perfect system (which is probably the same as the Direct Drive solution.) Of the various offerings VFD and Digital Phase are probably the best:
As Robert's requirement looks industrial rather than home electrics, I'd be inclined to get in an expert, and/or cough-up for a plug-in commercial unit. Keep it simple. Rolling your own is likely impractical:
VFDs make a lot of problems go away. The downside is one per machine, the upside is they can be installed one at a time and are available at consumer market prices. They're not electrically controversial in the sense converting 480V twin phase to 3-phase is. Provided the VFD (in a protective box) can be plugged into an existing single phase supply, it's not necessary to get a qualified electrician in.) Dave |
Robert Laurenson | 20/07/2021 14:15:00 |
48 forum posts | Hi Dave, I must say, to be honest the only reasonable option i see in front of me is the phase perfect system. It is plug and play and although the phase angles may be slightly off, it seems by all accounts to still do the job and has many reviews to that effect. thanks Robert |
Robert Atkinson 2 | 20/07/2021 15:36:25 |
![]() 1891 forum posts 37 photos | Hi, The Phase Perfect system would be better called Phase Imperfect. They do not say anywhere on their datasheet what the output phase relationship is, but from the description it is clearly not 120 degrees or balanced. Two are 180 degrees apart (the incoming line) and the third is 90 degrees from these. Unlikely to give smooth torque from a motor desigined for 120 degrees. Also note if any of the machines have a single phase 480V load interanally you will have to ensure they are across the incoming phase. If any require a Neutral connection You will have to add a delta star transformer. This is more cost. Individual VFDs per machine (even multi motor ones as long as you keep the "speed" at 100%) is likely to be a better solution. Or get the advantageof variable speed and fit a VFD per motor. What country are you in? Robert G8RPI Edited By Robert Atkinson 2 on 20/07/2021 15:51:40 |
John Haine | 20/07/2021 16:09:52 |
5563 forum posts 322 photos | The operating principle is described in this patent. It's quite clever and not as Robert describes. There's a published IEEE paper also in 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) (This may be difficult to access.) Leaving aside the question of the patent, reproducing this at home looks very difficult! Not only is there the question of hairy power electronics, but the real-time control software looks quite tricky. I agree with others who suggest separate VFDs per motor, which would turn out probably cheaper than either a 3 phase supply or one of these hairy beasts, or one of the more primitive static or rotary converters. I think you have one or two machines that are particularly problematic, the press brake and welder? Don't let the peak power requirement for these impose unrealistic costs and complexity on the rest of the solution. Edited By John Haine on 20/07/2021 16:10:16 Edited By John Haine on 20/07/2021 16:14:45 |
Maurice Taylor | 20/07/2021 16:47:51 |
275 forum posts 39 photos | Would a 3 phase diesel generator 5.5kVA from Machine-mart be suitable
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Robert Laurenson | 20/07/2021 17:01:46 |
48 forum posts | Posted by Robert Atkinson 2 on 20/07/2021 15:36:25:
Hi, The Phase Perfect system would be better called Phase Imperfect. They do not say anywhere on their datasheet what the output phase relationship is, but from the description it is clearly not 120 degrees or balanced. Two are 180 degrees apart (the incoming line) and the third is 90 degrees from these. Unlikely to give smooth torque from a motor desigined for 120 degrees. Also note if any of the machines have a single phase 480V load interanally you will have to ensure they are across the incoming phase. If any require a Neutral connection You will have to add a delta star transformer. This is more cost. Individual VFDs per machine (even multi motor ones as long as you keep the "speed" at 100%) is likely to be a better solution. Or get the advantageof variable speed and fit a VFD per motor. What country are you in? Robert G8RPI Edited By Robert Atkinson 2 on 20/07/2021 15:51:40 Hi Robert, Im in the UK, in the Shetland Islands to be exact. The VFD option per machine is plausible for anything motor driven, but doesn't give me the option to power the 3 phase plasma cutter, or a welder for that matter, so thats why i had discounted that. Not only that but the press brake alone, the main motor on the one i am looking at is 15kw. So it would need to be a 30KW 480V vsd to give me any chance of powering it, and it has a VSD / Soft start built into it, so im not sure how they would see each other. So again, i do think my only real 2 options are a full workshop converter, or paying SSE to install the 3 phase. I have also looked at Genis as mentioned by Maurice, but the cost of a geni big enough to work these machines and how much they would cost to run and maintain, over 5 years i would be better off getting the 3 phase installed. |
David Riley | 20/07/2021 17:17:34 |
12 forum posts | Would a Motor-Generator Set such as **LINK** be suitable ?, thats if they are able to build one that is able to work with a 480v split phase supply. |
Emgee | 20/07/2021 18:11:41 |
2610 forum posts 312 photos | Have you enquired about a wind powered unit ? I understand there is always a good wind blowing in that area. Emgee |
old mart | 20/07/2021 18:23:36 |
4655 forum posts 304 photos | You seem to require a three phase supply in your workshop to run several machines when the only input is single phase. This would need a large converter, which would be expensive and might cost more than individual VFD's for each machine. Also, individual VFD's can be programmed to suit each machine for motor start and stop characteristics and speed control, plus forward and reverse if needed. Having a three phase supply from the mains would seem to be the best long term solution for such a large workshop. Edited By old mart on 20/07/2021 18:26:09 |
Robert Laurenson | 20/07/2021 18:30:31 |
48 forum posts | Posted by old mart on 20/07/2021 18:23:36:
You seem to require a three phase supply in your workshop to run several machines when the only input is single phase. This would need a large converter, which would be expensive and might cost more than individual VFD's for each machine. Also, individual VFD's can be programmed to suit each machine for motor start and stop characteristics and speed control, plus forward and reverse if needed. Having a three phase supply from the mains would seem to be the best long term solution for such a large workshop. Edited By old mart on 20/07/2021 18:26:09 The VFD's would work for all but the plasma machine, so not the best option. As david said above an idea of a Motor Generator may be the best option. Or the Phase Perfect is the one i have to say i am leaning towards just now. |
Robert Atkinson 2 | 20/07/2021 18:58:45 |
![]() 1891 forum posts 37 photos | Posted by John Haine on 20/07/2021 16:09:52:
The operating principle is described in this patent. It's quite clever and not as Robert describes. There's a published IEEE paper also in 2019 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS) (This may be difficult to access.) Leaving aside the question of the patent, reproducing this at home looks very difficult! Not only is there the question of hairy power electronics, but the real-time control software looks quite tricky. I agree with others who suggest separate VFDs per motor, which would turn out probably cheaper than either a 3 phase supply or one of these hairy beasts, or one of the more primitive static or rotary converters. I think you have one or two machines that are particularly problematic, the press brake and welder? Don't let the peak power requirement for these impose unrealistic costs and complexity on the rest of the solution. Edited By John Haine on 20/07/2021 16:10:16 Edited By John Haine on 20/07/2021 16:14:45 Hi John, Thanks for the link. It's certainly not as originally described and has some key components not shown in the installation manual. That said the Patent i terrible and does not reveal anything about how it actually works. Presumably it is using PWM and the output capcitors (not shown in manual circuit) are doing a lot of the work. Thi is supported by that that they have to be reguarly checked / replaced. https://ramuk.intertekconnect.com//WebClients/ITS/DLP/products.nsf/vwSearch?SearchView&Query=FIELD%20ListHead%20Contains%20phase%20perfect%20or%20FIELD%20CatCode%20Contains%20phase%20perfect%20or%20FIELD%20Title%20Contains%20phase%20perfect%20or%20FIELD%20ProductInformation%20Contains%20phase%20perfect%20or%20FIELD%20ProductInfo%20Contains%20phase%20perfect&SearchOrder=1&SearchMax=1000&SearchWV=FALSE&SearchThesaurus=FALSE&SearchFuzzy=FALSE If any of the machines to be powered have a neutral connection (5 wires) then a delta/star transformer will be required.
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Frances IoM | 20/07/2021 19:23:49 |
1395 forum posts 30 photos | the power consumption you mention is more like a small to medium size industrial unit than a domestic or a even a farm setting - are there no suitable industrial units for rent. |
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