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Very early locomotive boiler feeds

Solving the puzzle

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Jonathan Howes09/04/2010 16:42:13
17 forum posts
6 photos
Hi all,
 
I have been researching the Stephenson locomotive "Lancashire Witch" for development as a 7 1/4" gauge model for about a year  now but have come up against a detail problem regarding the boiler feed pump.
 
This, as on many locomotives from around 1830, is driven by a crosshead coupling and the delivery is via a ram pump, so far so good.
 
On these early engines however the pump itself consists of typically two vertical barrels linked together with the boiler linking to the top of the uppermost barrel. Two cocks are provided, one on each barrel and I have been completely unable to find out exactly what goes on within.
 
Ball valves came a bit later than Lancashire Witch so the lack of space for a ball in the vicinity of each cock is not a problem, almost certainly some form of lifting plug valve is performing the same function. The problem is that any control of boiler feed seems to be almost impossible without a severe danger of hydraulic lock.
 
I have found three depictions of the same form of feed pump, two from drawings and one in the flesh, on "Invicta" in the Canterbury Museum but no indication of the appropriate innards. The NRM did not seem able or willing to help (although I think Invicta may have been disassembled in part for restoration) and the only other place that seems to understand really early locomotives, the Beamish museum, also presented a deafening silence.
 
I can post some files of the evidence to date but someone may know the answer, please wade in.
 
Many thanks,
 
Jonathan Howes.
KWIL09/04/2010 19:21:08
3681 forum posts
70 photos
Jonathan,
 
See PM
 
KWIL
Chris09/04/2010 21:18:17
87 forum posts
13 photos
I found the curator of the manchester museum of science and industry very helpful with my enquiries about Northumbrian. They cover the Liverpool Manchester Railway history.
Hope this helps. I too am fascinated by the very early locos and would like to know more about your Lancashire Witch. My next project will be a 5 inch oldie (there are very few about) but a 7 sounds even more exciting.
Chris.
Jonathan Howes10/04/2010 13:48:34
17 forum posts
6 photos
Does anyone have some tips on how to add images? I would like to post two different versions of the Lancashire Witch feed pump and photographs of the unit on Invicta.

Edited By Jonathan Howes on 10/04/2010 13:50:00

Weary10/04/2010 13:59:23
421 forum posts
1 photos
This thread called   Posting Photos   might help.
Looking forward to seeing the pics, as I am interested in early locomotives too (though more the next 'generation')
Phil
Jonathan Howes10/04/2010 14:20:29
17 forum posts
6 photos
One from the Stephenson archive. Ho does that one knob on top control the feed without hydraulic lock? Obviously it doesn't so what is missing?

 

And one from the two French engineers who visited the engine at work, even more confusing:


Jonathan Howes10/04/2010 14:31:22
17 forum posts
6 photos
And four views of the Invicta unit. There seem to be two plug valves operated by square section heads implying a key in the hands of the driver, obviously regarded as a responsible job. What form of valve can be got in to the end of the ram pump to prevent its action given that there does not appear to be much room to install anything  with no access cover visible?




Jonathan Howes10/04/2010 15:17:44
17 forum posts
6 photos
The engine was visited by the two french engineers, Coste and Perdonnet, while working on the Bolton and Leigh railway. Their description of the boiler feed goes (my translation...):
 
P, force pump. This draws water via a leather tube, from a barrel placed behind on a train T, and raised to the boiler by tube C.
 
A horizontal boiler feed tube is indicated by circle n', q (my note; this places the feed lower than on other examples).
 
S', the  adjustable boiler feed valve. The piston rod of the force pumpis rigidly linked to the  piston via a rod from the crosshead as shown in the figure.
So, still little clearer and what is that trycock doing on the vertical pipe just above the pump barrel?
 

 
Jonathan Howes11/04/2010 10:55:32
17 forum posts
6 photos
Thanks to KWIL for sending me a drawing of the Locomotion pump. I was wondering if a three valve system was at play here. I still don't see how the feed rate is controlled however.
Paul White 311/04/2010 15:29:51
109 forum posts
23 photos
hi, a very interesting project .  Could the answer to your question be  a simple valve in the supply line that  controls water into the pump?
Jonathan Howes12/04/2010 08:53:43
17 forum posts
6 photos
Paul,
 
This was what I was looking for at first, the problem is that the French reference (three posts back) clearly states that the valve S' in the figure is an adjustable boiler feed valve. Elswhere in the french text this is clearly stated as being convenient for the location of the driver as it projects through a platform on the side of the boiler on which the driver stands. A bit awkward here as the Stephenson drawing shows the valve and platform on the left hand side of the boiler, the French text describes (but does not show) the platform to the left and the pump/valve to the right.
 
From other digging, feed pipe valves do not seem to appear on locomotives until the early 1830's, LW was built in 1828 and is a very important locomotive being the first to employ expansive working of the steam, it was also the clear predecessor of the Rocket.
 
I am working on drawings for the model but I fear that the pump may remain "TBD" for a while yet.
 
Jon.

Edited By Jonathan Howes on 12/04/2010 08:55:40

Paul White 312/04/2010 10:19:21
109 forum posts
23 photos
Jonathan,  If the valve" S "is for boiler feed, this would be a design for failure in the absence of  some form of bye pass or restiction in the feed water by producing the  hydraulic lock you mentioned in your earlier post !  Or am I missing something.  You may have found the earliest use of feed water control.  Pumps of this time had what looks like a valve lift control.
 
Paul.
Jonathan Howes12/04/2010 11:10:24
17 forum posts
6 photos
Paul,
 
You have me intrigued!
 
Firstly, the valve S was clearly for feed control as stated in contemporary references. I have also found a description of one of the Gurney Steam Carriages which shows a system whereby the control is to divert feedwater back to the tank, this is from before the period of the Lancashire Witch but it is possible that the valve S is there to bypass the upper clack and to allow a slug of water to oscillate between the pump and the boiler.
 
The valve lift control idea is interesting and is the part that intrigues me. The square headed shanks in the Invicta photographs may be just that, ie, some form of eccentric used to lift a clack open and prevent its action. Do you have any examples/drawings of valve lift control from around the right period?
 
Jon.
Ian S C12/04/2010 12:35:33
avatar
7468 forum posts
230 photos
I'm not familia with steam engines paticulary this old, but would it be possible that the valve is in the form of a leather flap, I'v seen this in domestic supply pumps of 60-70 yr vintage and proberbly older. Ian S C
Paul White 313/04/2010 09:56:53
109 forum posts
23 photos
Jonathan,
                Sorry no.  I thought that the impression came from information in "Ahrons" but
                having spent considerable time looking I can't find the reference.
 
                I still feel that a device with one input and one output with set piston operation
                can only be controlled by:-  1,  restriction of supply
                                                                  2, ability to hold open the feed- in valve
                                                             or 3, open outlet from cylinder to atmosphere to
                                                                      prevent a vacuum being formed.
 
   Paul.
Paul White 313/04/2010 09:59:05
109 forum posts
23 photos
sorry about the above posting ,I didn't type it like that !
 
Paul
Jonathan Howes13/04/2010 21:15:21
17 forum posts
6 photos
Paul,
 
Thanks for the "Ahrons" tip-off. I think the quote that you may have been searching for is in the context of the Rainhill (as opposed to Stockton and Darlington) Rocket:
 
"One brass feed pump was fixed between the motion bars and boiler, and worked from the crosshead. The pump had mitre valves, the lift of which was regulated by snall spiral springs. A leather hose connected the copper suction pipe with the tender."
 
This is actually surprisingly helpful since it shows that spiral return springs were in use, something I had assumed came later. This has clear importance for the inclined pump barrel with an in-line inlet clack valve since I was head scratching over how this could be made reliable without some form of internal spring.
 
 
Thanks again for the hint.
 
Jonathan. 
 
 
Malcolm Lippiatt03/08/2018 20:16:20
10 forum posts
4 photos

Hi Jonathan

If you go to my thread on Lancashire Witch you can see I'm interested in creating a 3D model of The Lancashire Witch 1828 which in your thread in 2010 you stated that you were going to produce drgs of it. did you do that and if so would those drgs be available to the likes of myself.

I create these loco's from drgs or/and pictures available on the net but there seem very few available on the Lancashire Witch so at the moment I'm struggling, any help would be appreciated

John Olsen04/08/2018 03:00:27
1294 forum posts
108 photos
1 articles

I see that the above discussion on boiler feeds took place some time ago, but maybe for completeness I should mention that early American locos, from about the beginning up until injectors became common, usually used crosshead feed pumps controlled by a valve in the suction line. This is quite likely a feature that they copied from their English predecessors. I have somewhere a book about early American locos that discusses this feature, and it does seem odd that they persisted with it for so long, when a simple bypass arrangement would work so much better.

A pump controlled by the suction side will cavitate badly which tends to wreck the pump in short order...nevertheless they persisted with this arrangement for maybe 50 years or so. I know for instance that the Rogers 2-4-2 locomotives supplied to the New Zealand railways in 1877 came with a crosshead feedpump on each side. They were replaced with injectors quite quickly.

John

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